Reflections on Keegan’s “First World War”

German prisoners being examined during the Canadian push to Hill 70. October, 1917. PHOTO BY LIBRARY AND ARCHIVES CANADA

John Keegan, more than 20 years ago, wrote an excellent one volume history of the First World War. He combined a historical recounting with analysis of the origins and causes as well as assessments about important questions historians have long debated:

• Were the generals unimaginative and incapable of thinking of better strategies and tactics?
• Why did the most prosperous and successful continent in the world plunge itself into an orgy of self-destruction?
• Who won the Battle of Jutland?

In this article, I summarize the main narrative of the book, imparting some interpretation, but representing Keegan’s views. Then, I critique some of his conclusions or assertions. Finally, I tender my own analysis and opinion.

A Brief Synopsis

Keegan reckons the war as “a European tragedy”: 10 million people dead; millions of draft animals killed, and “a benevolent and optimistic culture” destroyed. (p. 3) This tragedy happened despite the integration of the economies, cultures, and ruling houses of most European nations. In fact, a wave of globalization knit together capital raised in London to the resources increasingly exploited around the world to the manufacturing and emerging consumer societies of Europe and America — and their colonies. The trade…